![]() ![]() The Zuse Z3 is the first programmable computer.ĭevices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. ![]() History of computer technology Zuse Z3 replica on display at Deutsches Museum in Munich. This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940. īased on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish among four distinct phases of IT development: the pre-mechanical era (3000 BC – 1450 AD), the mechanical phase (1450–1840), the electromechanical phase (1840–1940) and the electronic age (1940–present). We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review authors Harold J. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecommunications equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Information technology stands firmly on hardware and software of a computer and tele-communication infrastructure.Information technology ( IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. Information technology is affecting us as individual and as a society. Information technology refers to the creation, gathering, processing, storage, presentation and dissemination of information and also the processes and devices that enable all this to be done. Information technology deals with information system, data storage, access, retrieval, analysis and intelligent decision making. Information is a resource which has no value until it is extracted, processed and utilized. The expanding array application makes IT more useful & further fuels the expansion of IT. Rapid change in semiconductors technology, information storage & networking, combined with advance in software, has enabled new application, cost reduction and widespread diffusion of IT. Information technology reflects the combination of three technologies, digital computing, data storage and ability to transmit digital signal through telecommunication network. IT has become on important part of the Indian economy for example S&E make extensive use of computer modeling & simulation and large share of database advances in networking facilitate global collaboration in research and product development, implement the results of academic research and conduct significant amounts of applied R&D, IT also influences the pipeline for S&E through its affects on the demand for people with technical skills and through its use in education at all levels. In addition to being a product of science and engineering, IT enabling change in S&E. The relationship between IT& science & engineering has two aspects. As with the industrial revolution, both the time and direction of many changes are difficult to predict. Few other modern advances in technology have the capacity to affect so fundamentally the way people work live, learn and govern themselves. Many observation, compare the rapid development and expansion of information technology to the industrial revolution in terms of its potential scope & impact on society. Information technology is a manifestation of public & private investment in science & engineering (S&E) that is enabling broad and significant changes in society. A History of Information Technology and Systems. ![]()
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